Science Chp. 5, 6, and 7 (All chapters mentioned are complete, except for 7)

Lesson 1
Compound: A substance made up of two or more elements.
Chemical Formula: Number of atoms in the compound.
Types of Chemical Formulas, Empirical, Molecular, Structural, Condensed Structural.
Empirical Formula is made from experiments. Empirical also works with the ratio of atoms.

Lesson 2
Reactant: Substance that reacts.
Product: Newly formed substance.

Lesson 3
Chemical: A substance that uses a chemical composition.
Combustion: Fire uses oxygen to make energy.
Digestion: Stomach acid reacting with food to make energy.
Oxidation: Metal reacting with air and water to make a metal oxide.
Electrolysis: The process of using a forced electric current through a solution.
Photosynthesis: The process of a plant turning sunlight into energy.

Lesson 4
Rate: A measurement of how much something changes in an amount of time.
Collision: Two objects hitting each other.
Catalyst: A catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction, while not having the reaction being done on it.
Enzymes are examples of biological catalysts, made of protein.
Effective Collision: Molecules collide with enough energy that it breaks bonds, and collides at a certain angle.
Heating something speeds up the reaction rate, while keeping something cold slows it down.
Temperature: A measurement of energy.
Greater the concentration of reactants, the greater the the reaction rate
Greater the surface area, the greater the reaction rate

Lesson 5
The Law of Conservation of Matter: The law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created, nor destroyed.
Burning an item will not destroy the item’s matter.

Lesson 6
System: A part of the universe, the system is the area of interest of the universe.
Surroundings: The space beyond the system.
Boundary: A separator that defines the space occupied where the system and surroundings meet.
Closed System: A system that only allows energy to pass through, but does not allow matter.
Isolated System: A system that does not let both energy and matter pass through.
Open System: A system that allows anything to pass through.

Lesson 7
Balanced Chemical Equation: A chemical reaction in which the number of atoms on both sides of the reaction is the same.
Coefficient: The whole numbers on the front of the chemicals stated in the reaction, it is balanced using the coefficients.

Lesson 8
Exothermic Reaction: When a system becomes cold, the surroundings heat up.
Endothermic Reaction: When a system gains heat but the surroundings cool down.
Enthalpy: Enthalpy shows how much heat or how cold a system and its surroundings are.

Answer: When the enthalpy change for a reaction is a negative that means heat was given off. Heat is given off in an exothermic reaction.

Chapter 6

Lesson 1
Kinetic Molecular Theory: Describes the behavior of particles (Also called KMT).
Ideal Gas Law, Charles’ Law, and Boyle’s Law: Three laws about KMT that relate to the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.

Lesson 2
Gases: One of the States of Matter.
The volume of gases is mostly empty space.
Gas molecules move in random, constant, straight-line motion.
There are no attractive forces between gases.

Lesson 3
Matter: The material that makes all things in the universe.
States of Matter: There are 4 different states of matter which are, Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasma.
Plasma: The most common state of matter in the universe! It is not common on Earth though. Plasma is like gas.
Sublimation: A solid turning into a gas.
Deposition: A gas turning to a solid.
Amorphous Solids: A state halfway between a solid and a liquid.
Supercritical Fluids: Matter with both the properties of a liquid and a gas.
Degenerate Matter: Exists in some stars and is a matter that has its outward pressure constant regardless of temperature.
Bose-Einstein Condensate: Supercooled gases that together create a superatom.
Photonic Matter: The THEORETICAL material that creates lightsabers.

Chapter 7

Lesson 1
Position: The place or point something is located.
Vector Quantity: A quantity where direction matters.
Scalar Measurement: The distance an object travels.
Origin: The starting point of something.